A problem about the genealogy of the Pallache family that has been bothering me for a long time, is this marriage between Samuel Pallache and Abigail Lindo.:The 14th of June 1646Appeared (before aldermen of Amsterdam) Samuel Pallache from The Hague, 30 years old, assisted. with his uncle Davit Pallache and having a mother, living on the Breestraet, and Abigail Lindo, from Antwerp, also having a mother, old 24 years, assisted with Judith Lindo, haer suster, living as before, etc. From this marriageban I assumed - and many people with me - that Samuel had to be a son of his was one of four brothers of David. Joshua seemed the most logical. At the same time something nagged, because there was Samuel son of Samuel Pallache, who lived at the same time in Amsterdam and there seemed to exist in the archives of the Portuguese Jewish Community in Amsterdam at that time only one Samuel. If there would have been two different Samuels writers of the Portuguese Jewish community would distinguish between both said Samuel son of Samuel on the one hand, and a Samuel son of Jeosua on the other hand. However, there is only talk of one Samuel Palache.A comparison of signatures provided the solution. The signatures of an Isaac Pallach and a Samuel Pallache can be found under a notarial deed in which they are identified as sons of Samuel Pallache, in his life ambassador (sic!) of the King of Morocco.. The signature below is Samuel Pallache under his marriage bans with Abigail Lindo. Then there is a third signature of Samuel Pallache under a decision of the Portuguese Jewish community in the year 1642, which looks exactly the same. After consulting with Michael Waas, we decided that this must be the same Samuel.TAXATION OF THE PORTUGUESE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN AMSTERDAMIn inventory number 19 Escamoth A one can find one or two times each year a list of new members including the annual amount of tax fixed for him in the community, the Fintas. In 1646, the amount Samuel had to pay was fixed at 16 guilders. The journals (inventory numbers 172 etc.) show that he paid only half of that each year, the amount will therefore have been adjusted.In the journals every year we find several tax lists: the finta - a tax based on an estimate of income - was paid twice a year. The imposta - a tax of 1 promille on turnover of import and export, was collected once or twice, and then there were the voluntary contributions - promesas.David Palache appears from 1639 (before that, he was a member of Neve Salom, one of the three original PJ communities of Amsterdam. Samuel appears from 1646. Davids payments stop after his death in 1649. Samuel payments stop in 1653. The last mention is in March 1653, then he paid two guilders and six pence. In 1657 he is mentioned again, for uncollected taxes, exactly for the amount specified above, two guilders and six pence. In later years he is no longer mentioned in the tax lists. Samuel had disappeared from Amsterdam to no longer return. However, he is again found in the archives of Abu Yetonim.ABU YETONIMDavid and Semuel Payache were members of the fraternity Abu Yetonim for assistance to orphans. David gave a donation of 120 guilders by the establishment of this brotherhood in 1648.In 1675 Samuel Palache tries to gain support from Abu Yetonim for his son David, a half-orphan. Samuel Palache thereby recalls that he and his uncle (!) David were among the first members. The application was done by petition, which indicates that Samuel probably did not live in Amsterdam at the time. But, to get support from Abu Yetonim, one had to be a full orphan. Two and a half years later - a month after the death of Samuel - the request is granted, son David gets money for a one way trip to Barbados.Twice David is called the uncle of Samuel. This gives some pause for thinking. Could there have been yet another David Pallache, who really was an uncle of Samuel? I assume not, because in the vast literature about the Pallache family, there is no other David then the son of Joseph. The term uncle will have to do then with the age difference between David and Samuel, and politeness. Or, since David was married to Judith Lindo, the solution to this semantic problem may be that Davids wife was an aunt of Samuels wife.DENMARKFrom other sources we know that a Samuel Palache on 10 January 1653 acquired the citizenship of Glückstadt. (Portugiesischen Juden in Glückstadt, by Alphonso Cassuto, Hamburg, in Jahrbuch der Jüdisch-Literarischen Gesellschaft, Vol. XX1, Frankfurt am Main, 1930.) Cassuto included in his article the names of all Jewish new citizens, extracted from the citizenship book of Glückstadt. Among them: Samuel Pallache, Portugiese aus Amsterdam, 1653, 10 Januar. At the same time that a Samuel Palache disappears from Amsterdam, there emerges a Samuel Pallache, Portuguese Jew from Amsterdam, in Glückstadt. It must be the same. Kellenbenz in his Sephardim an der unteren Elbe, in 1953, writes about o