Jose de Acosta, a Jesuit of Converso background (perhaps related to Uriel de Acosta, who earned a herem for his arguments against the immortality of the soul), wrote about Chinese atheism in his book, De la Historia Moral de Indias (Of the Moral History of Indies) published in 1590: "The Portuguese priests witnessed how the Mandarin Ministry officials or justice officials lashed Chinese members of the Bonzo religious order who dress in white, or black ceremonial robes and shave their heads; they profess to be vegan and to eat only rice with veggies but in secret they eat everything, and in this regard they are worse than the common people. However, the religious officials of the court in Pekin are loved by them. The Mandarin officials go to their monasteries for recreational activities and almost always return drunk. Such monasteries are outside the city and have temples with idols but the Mandarin couldn't care less, and mock them, nor do they believe in the next world or paradise. The Mandarin believe only in their public post, and for them, there is no other hell than the prisons of delinquents."(p.340, Chapter 16, De la Historia Moral)